3338/423 B.C.E.	Destruction of First Temple and beginning of Babylonian Exile
3389/372 B.C.E.	Babylon falls to Medes and Persians under Darius the Mede and Cyrus the Great of Persia
3391/370 B.C.E.	Cyrus reigns, permits Jews to return to Eretz Yisrael
3408/353 B.C.E.	Darius the Persian permits Jews to rebuild Temple
3442/319 B.C.E.	Beginning of Greek era
3448/313 B.C.E.	Egyptian Ptolemaic dynasty rules Eretz Yisrael
3562/199 B.C.E.	Antiochus III the Great, scion of the Seleucid dynasty and ruler of Syria, wrests Eretz Yisrael from Egypt
3571/190 B.C.E.	Rome defeats Antiochus III at Magnesia
3586/175 B.C.E.	Antiochus IV reigns
3594/168 B.C.E.	Desecration of Temple by Antiochus
3597/165 B.C.E.	Conquest of Temple by Hasmoneans; the miracle of Chanukah
3598/163 B.C.E.	Antiochus IV dies
3599/162 B.C.E.	His son, Antiochus V, besieges Jerusalem
3600/161 B.C.E.	Demetrius I (son of Seleucus IV) rules; Alcimus appointed Kohen Gadol; defeat and death of Syrian general Nikanor (13 Adar)
3601 /160 B.C.E.	Yehudah killed in battle; Yonasan elected leader of the Jewish rebellion
3602/159 B.C.E.	Alcimus dies
3609/152 B.C.E.	Alexander (Balas) I, alleged son of Antiochus IV, contests rule of Demetrius I; both recognize Yonasan as Kohen Gadol
3610/151 B.C.E.	Alexander I rules
3614/147 B.C.E	Alexander I deposed (by Ptolemy IV king of Egypt); Demetrius II (son of Demetrius I) rules
3617/144 B.C.E.	Tryphon deposes Demetrius II (who escapes), and rules on (approx.) behalf of the infant Antiochus VI (son of Alexander I)
3619/142 B.C.E.	Tryphon tricks Yonasan and kills him; Shimon takes over Kehunah Gedolah, proclaims himself ‘Prince of the Jews’
3619/142 B.C.E.	Tryphon kills Antiochus VI and proclaims himself king
3621/140 B.C.E.	Sanhedrin and the People proclaim Shimon ‘Prince of the Jews’ 18 Elul).
3621-3725/140-36 B.C.E.	Rule of the Hasmonean dynasty (Shimon, Yochanan Hyrkanos, Yehudah Aristobulus, Alexander Yannai, Queen Alexandra Hyrkanos and Aristobulus)
3630/131 B.C.E.	Yochanan Hyrkanos forms an alliance with Antiochus VII
3632/129 B.C.E.	Antiochus VII dies
3698/63 B.C.E.	Roman consul Pompei conquers Jerusalem
3725-3828/36 B.C.E.-68 C.E.	Rule of Herodian dynasty and Roman governors (Herod, Archelaus, Roman governors, Agrippa I, Roman governors)
3828/68 C.E.	Destruction of Second Temple by Romans (according to some, the year was 3829)