{"id":50761,"date":"2021-02-12T15:11:40","date_gmt":"2021-02-12T15:11:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ou.org\/holidays\/?p=50761"},"modified":"2021-02-12T15:11:40","modified_gmt":"2021-02-12T15:11:40","slug":"purim-on-a-friday","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ou.org\/holidays\/purim-on-a-friday\/","title":{"rendered":"Purim on a Friday"},"content":{"rendered":"

Although Purim is a holiday that is anticipated all year long, a Friday arrival is often received in a slightly disappointing manner.\u00a0This is because in most years, the merrymaking of Purim not only lasts all day, but it continues well into the night, as well. A Friday Purim simply doesn\u2019t allow for such extensive merrymaking due to the many Shabbat preparations that must be tended to. While a Friday Purim does not affect one’s abilities to perform the mitzvot of the day, there is some discussion, however, as to when one should hold the\u00a0seuda<\/em>, the Purim Feast.<\/p>\n

As a general rule, one is not permitted to eat a large meal on Fridays. This is in order to ensure that one has a hearty appetite for the Shabbat evening meal.[1]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0In fact, complying with this is considered to be a\u00a0hiddur<\/em>\u00a0in the mitzva of the Shabbat meal.[2]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0There have even been individuals in the past who would fast every Friday in order to ensure that they would have a hearty appetite for the Shabbat meal.[3]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0While such a practice is simply not realistic for most people, one is required to avoid eating a large meal on Fridays, especially during the winter months when Shabbat begins early. Rather, one should eat a light meal or simply snack throughout the day, as needed.[4]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Eating a meal of any size after the ninth hour of the day on a Friday is especially problematic.[5]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0In fact, one should not eat a larger than normal meal on Friday even if one does so early in the morning.[6]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0It seems that one family paid the ultimate price for having ignored this halacha.[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

On the specific issue regarding the timing of the Purim Seuda, the Shulchan Aruch is mysteriously silent. The Rema, however, rules that when Purim falls on a Friday, the Purim meal is to be held in the morning, in order to ensure that one has an appetite for the Friday night Shabbat meal.[8]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Most contemporary authorities seem to concur with the view of the Rema, as well.[9]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0As such, it seems that one should hold the Friday Purim Seuda early in the day, preferably before noon.[10]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Once one has begun the\u00a0seuda<\/em>\u00a0in the permissible \u201ctime zone,\u201d one is permitted to extend the\u00a0seuda<\/em>\u00a0for the entire day, should one so desire. Indeed, those who conduct themselves in this manner are completely entitled to do so, even though they will likely have no appetite for the Shabbat meal. This is due to the Talmudic principle of “one who is engaged in a mitzva is exempt from a [concurrently arriving] mitzva.”[11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Nevertheless, even those who find themselves at a large meal on a Friday, such as when at a brit, should make an effort not to overeat in order to ensure an appetite for the Shabbat meal. This is true regardless of how early in the day the meal takes place.[12]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0One who, for whatever reason, is unable to begin one\u2019s Purim\u00a0seuda<\/em>\u00a0early in the day should endeavor to eat less at the\u00a0seuda<\/em>, especially with regard to the amount of bread one eats, in order to leave room for the Shabbat meal.[13]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Some authorities encourage one to always hold the Purim Seuda in the morning, even when Purim falls out on other days of the week.[14]<\/a><\/p>\n

There is, however, an alternate approach with regard to the timing of the Purim\u00a0seuda<\/em>\u00a0that seems to be gaining in popularity. This method, known as “poress mappa,<\/em>” essentially combines the Purim Seuda and the Shabbat evening meal into one. According to this approach, one begins the Purim\u00a0seuda<\/em>\u00a0late Friday afternoon, after one has completed all of one’s Shabbat preparations. Shortly before sunset, one covers all the bread[15]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0that is on the table, and Kiddush is recited, thereby inaugurating Shabbat. After reciting Kiddush, one simply continues with one\u2019s\u00a0seuda<\/em>\u00a0which has now become the Shabbat evening meal.[16]<\/a>\u00a0One must be sure to eat at least an ounce of bread after the recitation of Kiddush just as is required at every Shabbat evening meal. The blessing upon wine is not recited in the course of kiddush if it was previously recited during the earlier part of the meal. So too, the blessing upon bread is not recited after Kiddush if it was previously recited during the earlier part of the meal. There is some discussion whether or not two whole loaves are required at this Shabbat meal.[17]<\/a><\/p>\n

When reciting the Birkat Hamazon at the conclusion of this Purim\/Shabbat meal, one includes both “retzei” as well as “Al Hanissim” in their designated places.[18]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Some authorities, however, rule that one should only recite “retzei” in its designated place while “Al Hanissim” should be recited as a supplement to the “Harachaman” section of the Birkat Hamazon.[19]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Nevertheless, a number of authorities oppose the \u201cporess mappa\u201d approach based on the halachic prohibition of “not bundling mitzvot together.”[20]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0The\u00a0poress mappa<\/em>\u00a0method gives the problematic appearance that one is discharging both the Shabbat seuda and the Purim seuda with a single meal. Indeed, in the case of a\u00a0Purim Meshulash<\/em>, a three-day Purim which can only occur in Jerusalem, the Purim Seuda is held on Sunday, and not on Shabbat. One of the reasons for this is in order to ensure that the Shabbat meal and the Purim meal are clearly distinct from one another.[21]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0There are additional logistical and halachic complications to the\u00a0poress mappa<\/em>\u00a0method, such as when one should recite maariv[22]<\/a>\u00a0or even the Kabbalat Shabbat prayers. So too,\u00a0bameh madlikin<\/em>\u00a0was specifically intended to be recited at candle lighting time which is difficult to do if one is in the middle of the Purim meal.<\/p>\n

It seems that the\u00a0poress mappa<\/em>\u00a0method is essentially a minority opinion on how one should conduct the Purim\u00a0seuda<\/em>\u00a0on a Friday.[23]<\/sup><\/a>In fact, there are many authorities who don’t even consider the\u00a0poress mappa<\/em>\u00a0method an acceptable option at all.[24]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Furthermore, according to the Arizal one should never recite Kiddush before having recited Maariv.[25]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0There are also those who explain that the\u00a0poress mappa<\/em>\u00a0method was only intended to be used in the event that one’s Purim Seuda unexpectedly extended into Shabbat, but not that one should intentionally do so.<\/p>\n

[1]<\/a>\u00a0Rambam, Hilchot Shabbat 30:4; OC 249:2.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a>\u00a0Aruch Hashulchan, OC 249:6.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a>\u00a0Yerushalmi Ta’anit 2:12; OC 249:3.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a>\u00a0Aruch Hashulchan, OC 249:6.<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a>\u00a0OC 249:2.<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a>\u00a0Aruch Hashulchan, OC 249:4.<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a>\u00a0Gittin 38b.<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a>\u00a0Rema, OC 695:2.<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a>\u00a0Mishna Berura 695:9,10; Mishna Berura 249:13; Aruch Hashulchan, OC 249:7; Shemirat Shabbat K’hilchata 42:27; Yechave Da’at 3:55, Halichot Shlomo 19:26.\u00a0See Chazon Ovadia p. 179 for a list of authorities who are of the opinion that the Purim meal should be held Friday morning.<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a>\u00a0Aruch Hashulchan, OC 249:7.<\/p>\n

[11]<\/a>\u00a0Aruch Hashulchan, OC 249:7. See also Berachot 11a,16a,19a; Pesachim 55a; Sukka 10b,25a.<\/p>\n

[12]<\/a>\u00a0OC 249:2; Magen Avraham 249:4; Aruch Hashulchan, OC 249:7.<\/p>\n

[13]<\/a>\u00a0See Piskei Teshuvot 695:6.<\/p>\n

[14]<\/a>\u00a0Darkei Moshe, OC 695:4; Mishna Berura 695:9; Ma’aseh Rav 248. See Piskei Teshuvot 695:5 for sources.<\/p>\n

[15]<\/a>\u00a0According to some authorities, all “Mezonot” foods should be covered as well. Shemirat Shabbat K’hilchata 47:n125. There is also a case to be made for the need to cover all foods that are on the table.<\/p>\n

[16]<\/a>\u00a0Minhagei Eretz Yisrael (Gellis) 35:18.<\/p>\n

[17]<\/a>\u00a0See Purim Meshulash (Deblitzki) who requires one to eat from two whole loaves at this \u201cpost-kiddush\u201d meal and Ha\u2019elef Lecha Shlomo 1:113 who rules that there is no reason to do so.<\/p>\n

[18]<\/a>\u00a0Chazon Ovadia p.183. See Piskei Teshuvot 695:6 footnote 36.<\/p>\n

[19]<\/a>\u00a0Mishna Berura 695:15,16.<\/p>\n

[20]<\/a>\u00a0Pesachim 102b; Sota 8a.<\/p>\n

[21]<\/a>\u00a0Yerushalmi Megilla 1:4.<\/p>\n

[22]<\/a>\u00a0Taz, OC 271:4; Magen Avraham 271:5; Mishna Berura 271:11.<\/p>\n

[23]<\/a>\u00a0Be’er Heitev, OC 695:6; Piskei Teshuvot 695:6 footnote 31.<\/p>\n

[24]<\/a>\u00a0Nitei Gavriel, among others. See also Devar Chevron 2:646.<\/p>\n

[25]<\/a>\u00a0Kaf Hachaim, OC 271:22.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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