HALAKHA GUIDE \/ \u05d4\u05dc\u05db\u05d5\u05ea
\n<\/b>
\n(According to the Ashkenazic practice)<\/p>\n
Notes in [brackets] based upon contributions from Rabbi Ari Kahn, whom we thank for his valuable input!<\/p>\n
Abbreviations<\/b><\/p>\n
A.H. = Arukh HaShul\u0125an
\nB.H. = Biur Halakha
\nE.Y. = Even Yisrael (Fischer)
\nK.H. = Kaf Ha\u0124ayim
\nK.S.A. = Kitzur Shul\u0125an Arukh
\nM.B. = Mishna Berura
\nM.H. = Mipi HaShemua
\nN.H. = Nefesh HaRav
\nO.\u0124. = Ora\u0125 \u0124ayim
\nS.A. = Shul\u0125an Arukh
\nS.H. = Shiurei HaRav, Inyanei Tisha B\u2019Av
\nS.S.K. = Shemirat Shabbat Kehilkhata
\nS.T. = Sha\u2019ar HaTziyun
\nS.Te. = Sha\u2019arei Teshuva
\nY.O. = Yabia Omer<\/p>\n
DIGEST OF TISHA B\u2019AV LAWS<\/b><\/p>\n
THREE WEEKS<\/b><\/p>\n
1 The period of the Three Weeks commences with the evening of (before) the seventeenth of Tammuz and continues through midday after Tisha B\u2019Av (S.H. 2, 31). [In extreme need one should consult a rabbi – Igros Moshe OC I:168.]<\/p>\n
2 During the Three Weeks, one is not permitted to (a) take a haircut or shave (Rama, O.\u0124. 551:4), (b) get married or participate in a wedding (Rama, O.\u0124. 551:2) [Editor’s note: One may remarry an ex-spouse – AS OC 551; regarding engagements and engagement parties, see AS OC 551 and MB 551:19], (c) listen to music (M.B. 551:16), or (d) recite the Shehe\u0125eyanu blessing (Rama, O.\u0124. 551:17). [Editor’s note: The S.A. writes that it is good to be careful in this matter; the Rama says if that if one will not find the fruit later then one may make a Shehe\u0125eyanu.]<\/p>\n
3 One is permitted to sing, dance and recite Shehe\u0125eyanu on Shabbat (M.B. 551:98).<\/p>\n
NINE DAYS<\/b><\/p>\n
4 The Nine Days commence with the evening of (before) Rosh \u0124odesh Av and continue until midday of the tenth of Av (M.B. 551:58).<\/p>\n
5 In addition to the restrictions of the Three Weeks, during the Nine Days one is not permitted to (a) eat meat (including fowl) (S.A., O.\u0124. 551:9\u201310; M.B. 551:58) [if suffering from a lactate deficiency, consult a rabbi], (b) drink wine (ibid.), (c) expand one\u2019s business (S.A., O.\u0124. 551:2), (d) build items that bring pleasure or make preparations for joyous events (ibid.), (e) wash or iron clothes, or (f) wear new or newly washed clothes (Rama, O.\u0124. 551:3).<\/p>\n
6 If a Se\u2019udat Mitzva, meal in connection with a mitzva, takes place during the Nine Days, such as a Siyum or Brit Mila, one may eat meat at that meal (Rama, O.\u0124. 551:10).<\/p>\n
7 One may eat meat and drink wine on Shabbat, but for Havdala, one should give the wine to a child to drink. If one cannot do that, one may use wine (Rama, O.\u0124. 551:10).<\/p>\n
RESTRICTIONS OF TISHA B\u2019AV \u00b7 Digest of Tisha B\u2019Av Laws 786 <\/b><\/p>\n
8 Grape juice is included in the prohibition of wine and therefore one may not drink it (E.Y. vol. 9, p. 110).<\/p>\n
9 The general custom is to forbid bathing for pleasure during the Nine Days (S.A., O.\u0124. 551:16). [Regarding swimming for exercise, consult a rabbi.]<\/p>\n
10 There is a custom to postpone lawsuits against gentiles until after this inauspicious month, or at least until after Tisha B\u2019Av (S.A., O.\u0124. 551:1; M.B. 551:2).<\/p>\n
RESTRICTIONS OF TISHA B\u2019AV<\/b><\/p>\n
On Tisha B\u2019Av one is not permitted to (1) eat or drink, (2) wash one\u2019s body, (3) anoint oneself, (4) wear leather shoes, or (5) engage in marital relations
\n(S.A., O.\u0124. 554:1).<\/p>\n
1. Eating and Drinking<\/p>\n
11 One is not permitted to put any food or drink in one\u2019s mouth, even if one spits it out without swallowing (S.A., O.\u0124. 567:1).<\/p>\n
12 Someone who is ill and needs to eat, and a woman up to thirty days after childbirth, may eat on Tisha B\u2019Av (S.A., O.\u0124. 554:6). If Tisha B\u2019Av falls on a Sunday, these individuals should recite Havdala before eating (S.Te. 556:1). [Besamim are not used; some authorities advise that children should eat without hearing havdalah.]<\/p>\n
13 If one eats bread on Tisha B\u2019Av, when one recites Birkat HaMazon one should begin the third blessing with the word \u201cNa\u0125em\u201d instead of the usual \u201cRa\u0125em\u201d (Rama, O.\u0124. 557:1; N.H. p. 198).<\/p>\n
2. Washing<\/p>\n
14 One is not allowed to wash one\u2019s hands or even dip one\u2019s finger in water (S.A., O.\u0124. 554:7). However, one may rinse dirt off with water (S.A., O.\u0124. 554:9).<\/p>\n
15 When one awakens in the morning, one should wash one\u2019s hands only up to the knuckles (S.A., O.\u0124. 554:10). The same should be done after one uses the facilities, although if necessary one may wash any dirty area of one\u2019s hands even beyond the knuckles (A.H., O.\u0124. 554:10). If one is allowed to eat and needs to wash his hands for bread, he washes all the way to the wrist (S.S.K. ch. 39, n.101).<\/p>\n
16 One may prepare food for children or for after the fast, even if the consequence is that one\u2019s hands get wet (M.B. 554:19).<\/p>\n
Digest of Tisha B\u2019Av Laws \u00b7 EREV TISHA B\u2019AV<\/b><\/p>\n
3. Anointing<\/p>\n
17 One is allowed to anoint oneself for any purpose that is not pleasurable (S.A., O.\u0124. 554:15). This includes medical ointments and deodorant (B.H. 554:15).<\/p>\n
4. Leather Shoes<\/p>\n
18 One may wear any shoe that is not made of leather (S.A., O.\u0124. 554:16).<\/p>\n
19 If one has no other options, one may wear leather shoes but must take them off as soon as possible (S.A., O.\u0124. 554:17).<\/p>\n
Other Restrictions<\/b><\/p>\n
20 One may not study Torah on Tisha B\u2019Av except for melancholy passages in Torah texts, the laws of mourning and Tisha B\u2019Av, and works of Musar (S.A.,
\nO.\u0124. 554:1; Y.O. 2:26).<\/p>\n
21 One is not required to omit any Torah passage that is part of the regular daily prayer service (S.A., O.\u0124. 554:4).<\/p>\n
22 One may not greet another person with a verbal greeting such as \u201cHello\u201d or \u201cGood morning.\u201d If someone greets you, you may respond in a serious tone
\n(S.A., O.\u0124. 554:20).<\/p>\n
23 One may not sit on a chair until after hala\u0125ik midday (taking into account the extra hour of daylight saving time). Until then, one should sit on the floor or a low
\nchair (S.A., O.\u0124. 559:3; N.H. p. 253).<\/p>\n
24 One should not work before midday unless refraining from work will result in a significant and irretrievable loss (S.A., O.\u0124. 554:22\u201324).<\/p>\n
EREV TISHA B\u2019AV<\/b><\/p>\n
25 Some have the custom not to learn Torah on the afternoon before Tisha B\u2019Av other than such passages that are permitted on Tisha B\u2019Av, but many authorities are lenient because of the importance of Torah study (A.H., O.\u0124. 553:4). However, all agree that one should not take a pleasure trip or even an enjoyable stroll on the afternoon before Tisha B\u2019Av (Rama, O.\u0124. 553:2).<\/p>\n
26 The custom is to eat a large meal before Min\u0125a that will sustain one through the fast (Rama, O.\u0124. 552:9). This is in addition to the later Se\u2019uda HaMafseket.<\/p>\n
MA\u2019ARIV \u00b7 Digest of Tisha B\u2019Av Laws 788<\/b><\/p>\n
27 Ta\u0125anun (on Shabbat, \u201cTzidkatekha\u201d) is omitted from Min\u0125a (S.A., O.\u0124. 552:12, 559:1).<\/p>\n
28 After Min\u0125a, one eats the Se\u2019uda HaMafseket, the final meal before the fast. At this meal, one may not eat more than one cooked item (S.A., O.\u0124. 552:1). One should drink less than usual at this meal (Rama, O.\u0124. 552:1). The custom is to sit on the floor and eat bread and a hard-boiled egg with ashes (Rama, O.\u0124. 552:5\u20137).<\/p>\n
29 Three adult males should not eat together to avoid having to say Birkat HaMazon with a zimmun (S.A., O.\u0124. 552:8).<\/p>\n
30 On Shabbat, one eats as usual and does not have to observe any of the restrictions of a Se\u2019uda HaMafseket (S.A., O.\u0124. 552:10). However, one must cease eating [and washing] by sundown (Rama, O.\u0124. 552:10).<\/p>\n
31 The fast begins at sundown and all restrictions begin at that time (S.A., O.\u0124. 553:2). [Editor’s note: If Tisha B\u2019Av falls on Shabbat, then one should remove one’s Shabbat clothing and shoes 30 minutes after sunset, after reciting “Baruch Hamavdil Bein kodesh l’\u0125ol.” Shabbat is still not over until the time indicated on the calendar.]<\/p>\n
32 If Tisha B\u2019Av falls on Shabbat, the fast is held on Sunday (S.A., O.\u0124. 550:3). Shabbat is observed as usual except that marital relations are forbidden (Rama, O.\u0124. 554:19). [Editor’s note: This is the predominant custom for Ashkanazim, however Sefardim treat this Shabbat as any other Shabbat. Even Ashkenazim are lenient in a case of Mitzva Onah; it is therefore advisable to consult a posek to clarify this law.]<\/p>\n
MA\u2019ARIV<\/b><\/p>\n
33 For Ma\u2019ariv, we remove the curtain from the Ark and dim the lighting. After Barekhu, one sits on the floor or a low seat (Rama, O.\u0124., 559:1\u20133).<\/p>\n
34 If Tisha B\u2019Av begins on Motza\u2019ei Shabbat, one may not make any preparations for Tisha B\u2019Av, including bringing kinot or alternate shoes to shul, until after Shabbat is over. Many people bring them on Friday, before Shabbat begins. One removes weekday shoes after saying Barekhu at Ma\u2019ariv but one should be careful not to dirty one\u2019s hands before prayer (Rama, O.\u0124. 553:2; M.B. 553:6). Alternatively, one may take off one\u2019s shoes after saying \u201cBarukh HaMavdil \u201d as a form of Havdala, after nightfall but before Ma\u2019ariv (S.S.K. ch. 28, n. 179).<\/p>\n
35 Ma\u2019ariv proceeds as usual until after the Kaddish following the Amida. On Motza\u2019ei Shabbat, one recites Ata \u0124onantanu in Ma\u2019ariv and then one recites Kaddish immediately after the Amida.<\/p>\n
36 On Motza\u2019ei Shabbat, after Kaddish one lights a Havdala candle and recites the \u201cBoreh Me\u2019orei HaEsh\u201d blessing. The rest of Havdala is delayed until after Tisha B\u2019Av (S.A., O.\u0124. 556:1; M.B. 556:1). [Besamim are not used on Sunday night.]<\/p>\n
Digest of Tisha B\u2019Av Laws \u00b7 SHA\u0124ARIT<\/b><\/p>\n
37 After Kaddish (or Havdala), the Shalia\u0125 Tzibbur reads Eikha followed by kinot (Rama, O.\u0124. 559:2).<\/p>\n
38 Following kinot, even on Motza\u2019ei Shabbat, the congregation says VeAta Kadosh (omitting the verse \u201cVaAni Zot Beriti \u201d \u2013 M.B. 559:6), followed by Kaddish without Titkabal (Rama, O.\u0124. 559:4), and Aleinu.<\/p>\n
SHA\u0124ARIT<\/b><\/p>\n
39 Men do not wear tallit and tefillin in the morning, although they put on a tallit katan (tzitzit) without a blessing when they get dressed in the morning (S.A., O.\u0124. 555:1).<\/p>\n
40 Sha\u0125arit proceeds as usual, but without sitting in regular chairs. In the repetition of the Amida, the Shalia\u0125 Tzibbur adds Anenu (M.B. 557:13) and omits Birkat Kohanim (K.S.A. 124:3). One does not say Ta\u0125anun (S.A., O.\u0124. 131:7).<\/p>\n
41 The appropriate Torah portion for Tisha B\u2019Av is read, followed by Kaddish and Haftara, and the Torah is returned to the Ark.<\/p>\n
42 The congregation then recites kinot. During the recitation of kinot, one may not conduct idle conversations that distract one from the mourning (S.A., O.\u0124. 559:5).<\/p>\n
43 After kinot, the congregation recites Ashrei and continues to Aleinu, omitting LaMenatze\u2019a\u0125 and the verse \u201cVaAni Zot Beriti \u201d from Uva LeTziyon. Kaddish is recited without Titkabal (Rama, O.\u0124. 559:4). The psalm of the day is omitted (K.S.A. 124:3).<\/p>\n
MIN\u0124A<\/b><\/p>\n
44 The curtain is returned to the Ark before Min\u0125a (K.H. 559:19).<\/p>\n
45 Before Min\u0125a, men put on tallit and tefillin with blessings and wear them until after Min\u0125a (S.A., O.\u0124. 555:1).<\/p>\n
46 The psalm of the day, which was omitted at the end of Sha\u0125arit, is now recited, followed by Ashrei and Kaddish (K.S.A. 124:19). Then the Torah scroll is removed from the Ark, the customary portion for the fast days (Vaye\u0125al ) is read, and the Haftara is recited (M.B. 566:3). After the Torah is returned to the Ark, the Shalia\u0125 Tzibbur recites Kaddish, which is followed by the silent Amida.<\/p>\n
THE END OF TISHA B\u2019AV \u00b7 Digest of Tisha B\u2019Av Laws <\/b><\/p>\n
47 During the silent Amida, one adds Na\u0125em in the \u201cBoneh Yerushalayim\u201d blessing and Anenu in the \u201cShomei\u2019a Tefilla\u201d blessing (S.A., O.\u0124. 557:1). If one is not fasting, then one says Na\u0125em but not Anenu (B.H. 565:1). One says Sim Shalom instead of the usual Shalom Rav (Rama, O.\u0124. 127:2).<\/p>\n
48 If one forgets to say Na\u0125em, one may insert it into the \u201cHaMa\u0125azir Shekhinato \u201dblessing before the word \u201cVete\u0125ezena.\u201d In such a case, one concludes the blessing with \u201cHaMa\u0125azir\u201d and not \u201cMena\u0125em Tziyon\u201d (M.B. 557:2). If one already finished that blessing, one does not insert Na\u0125em at all and just continues praying. If one forgets to say Anenu, one may insert it at the end of the Amida, before Elokai Netzor (M.B. 119:19).<\/p>\n
49 In the repetition of the Amida, the Shalia\u0125 Tzibbur says Anenu after the \u201cGo\u2019el Yisrael \u201d blessing, and Na\u0125em in the \u201cBoneh Yerushalayim\u201d blessing. He also says Birkat Kohanim and Sim Shalom.<\/p>\n
50 In the event the Shalia\u0125 Tzibbur forgets to say Anenu in the repetition of the Amida, if he has not yet finished the next blessing (Refa\u2019enu) then he should
\nsay Anenu and then begin Refa\u2019enu again. If he has finished that blessing, then he should insert Anenu into the \u201cShomei\u2019a Tefilla\u201d blessing (Rama, O.\u0124. 119:4).<\/p>\n
THE END OF TISHA B\u2019AV<\/b><\/p>\n
51 A regular Ma\u2019ariv service is prayed.<\/p>\n
52 On Sunday night, one says Havdala over a cup of wine but without the introductory verses and without a flame or spices (S.A., O.\u0124. 556:1).<\/p>\n
53 One should eat and put on one\u2019s shoes before reciting Kiddush Levana (M.B. 426:11). However, if that is not possible, one may recite Kiddush Levana even before eating and putting on shoes (S.T. 426:9).<\/p>\n
54 The restrictions of the Nine Days are still in effect until midday on the tenth of Av, the day after Tisha B\u2019Av. Therefore, one may not eat meat, drink wine, wash clothes, bathe in a pleasing way, take a haircut or shave, until midday after Tisha B\u2019Av (S.A., O.\u0124. 558:1; N.H. 31). However, if Tisha B\u2019Av falls on Thursday, one may wash clothes, bathe, take a haircut and shave in order to prepare for Shabbat (M.B. 558:3). If Tisha B\u2019Av is deferred from Shabbat to Sunday, one need not observe all these restrictions after the fast ends, with the exception of eating meat and drinking wine which are still prohibited the night following the fast [but are permitted in the morning] (Rama, O.\u0124. 558:1).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
HALAKHA GUIDE \/ \u05d4\u05dc\u05db\u05d5\u05ea (According to the Ashkenazic practice) Notes in [brackets] based upon contributions from Rabbi Ari Kahn, whom we thank for his valuable input! Abbreviations A.H. = Arukh HaShul\u0125an B.H. = Biur Halakha E.Y. = Even Yisrael (Fischer) K.H. = Kaf Ha\u0124ayim K.S.A. = Kitzur Shul\u0125an Arukh M.B. = Mishna Berura M.H. = […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":856,"featured_media":36051,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[358,360,359],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27654","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fast-of-shiva-asar-btammuz","category-fast-of-tisha-bav","category-the-three-weeks"],"yoast_head":"\n