Parshat B'ha'alot'cha Numbers in [square brackets] are the Mitzva-count of Sefer HaChinuch AND Rambam’s Sefer HaMitzvot. A=ASEI (positive mitzva); L=LAV (prohibition). X:Y is the perek and pasuk from which the mitzva comes. [P> X:Y (Z)] and [S> X:Y (Z)] indicate start of a parsha p’tucha or s’tuma respectively. X:Y is Perek:Pasuk of the beginning of the parsha; (Z) is the number of p'sukim in the parsha.
Kohen - First Aliya - 14 p'sukim - 8:1-14 SDT Rashi explains the connection between this portion and that of the gifts of the N'SI'IM at the end of Parshat Naso. Aharon, as leader of the tribe of Levi, was embarrassed that he had not offered gifts for the dedication of the Mishkan as did the other leaders. G-d is telling him that his gift - daily service in the Mishkan - is far greater than the other gifts. Theirs are material and transitory; his is spiritual and permanent. The MITZVA to tend and light the Menora is recorded and counted elsewhere in the Torah. This fact makes the DRASHOT explaining the connection to Parshat HaN'si'im stand out all the more, since the P'SHAT is sort of redundant (not quite). Ramban sees in this portion an allusion to a future generation when descendants of Aharon (the Hasmoneans) (re)dedicated the Mikdash by lighting the Menora. If we look at the two topics that flank Bamidbar 7, we find the two Temple practices that survive until this day (as opposed to the short-lived nature of the gifts described in chapter 7) - Birkat Kohanim, still practiced daily as commanded by the Torah, and the Menora, commemorated by the yearly observance of Chanuka. This perhaps is part of G-d's message to Aharon. All-in-all, this opening parsha is a strong “REMEZ to Chanuka from the Torah”. The Menora is described again with specific reference to the wicks (flames) of the lamps facing the "face (central stalk) of the Menora". [P> 8:5 (18)] Next G-d commands Moshe to separate the Leviyim from among the People and to purify them. Ritual waters, shaving their hair (Rashi explains that as an atonement for the firstborns whom the Leviyim replaced, they were considered to have a ritual impurity akin to that of M’TZORA, hence the shaving of all bodily hair as part of their purification process), cleansing their clothes, and various sacrifices and ceremonies accomplish this command of "separation of the Leviyim".
Levi - Second Aliya - 12 p'sukim - 4:38-49 The Torah explains that the sacred functions were originally to be performed by firstborns who were sanctified as a result of their being spared in Egypt. (The special position of the firstborn actually predates the Egypt experience.) As a result of the sin of the Golden Calf, the Leviyim, who unilaterally reacted in defense of G-d's honor, were taken by Him in lieu of the firstborns of all the Tribes. Moshe, Aharon and the People of Israel did to/with the Leviyim as Moshe was instructed. After purification, the Leviyim were to come to the Mishkan to "report for duty". [S> 8:23 (4)] From age 25 until 50, the Levi was eligible for Mishkan service. (From 25-30 the Levi studied and trained for Temple service, at 30 he began serving. Age 50 was the retirement age for the "carrying chores", but the singing and guarding functions of the Levi continued beyond that age).
Shlishi - Third Aliya - 14 p'sukim - 9:1-14 This Pesach and Pesach Sheni episode occurred before the counting of the People recorded in the opening portion of Bamidbar. It was not placed at the beginning of the book because it is embarrassing to the People of Israel that they (we) only brought this one Korban Pesach in the entire Wilderness period. Then the Torah tells us that there were people who were ritually unclean and thus unable to participate in the Korban Pesach. They approached Moshe and complained that it was unfair that they were unable to join in this mitzva with the rest of the People. Moshe called upon G-d to answer their "complaint". It is important to understand that the laws of Pesach Sheni are a part of the original Torah miSinai. However, they were not revealed to the People until this point. And it was done at this point to honor those who "complained". BTW, contrast this kind of complaining with the other kind that unfortunately occurs too many times in the Book of B'midbar. [P> 9:9 (6)] A person who is "tamei" or far away from the Mikdash and is unable to bring K.P. shall bring a K.P. on the afternoon of the 14th of Iyar [380, A57 9:11] and eat it that night [381, A58 9:11] with matza and maror. Nothing of it may be left over for the morning [382,L119 9:12] and no bone of it may be broken [383,L122 9:12]; all rules of K.P. apply to this Pesach Sheni (actually there are differences concerning peripheral details, but the korbanot themselves are the same). Intentionally not bringing K.P. is punishable by "karet" (excision). Note: This is potentially confusing; read carefully: A person who missed P1 inadvertently, because of illness, forgetfulness, accident, and a variety of other reasons (other than intentional), is not liable for KARET (of course), and is required to bring P2. If he misses P2 also, inadvertently - no KARET, but if intentionally, he is subject to KARET. If a person missed P1 intentionally, he is subject to KARET, but if he brings P2, the KARET is removed, so to speak. However, if he misses P2 (having intentionally missed P1), then he is liable to KARET, even if he has a good excuse for missing P2. Another note: Although the Torah mentions two specific "excuses" for not bringing K.P., anyone who did not bring K.P. for any reason - including someone who intentionally did not bring it - is eligible and obligated to bring Pesach Sheni. This Divine “second chance” is available EVEN to the intentional violator. MitzvaWatch • RAMBAM says (seems to say) that a boy or girl who reaches the age of mitzvot after Pesach but before Pesach Sheni, should preferably not participate in the first Pesach (as a child) but rather should bring Pesach Sheni (as a halachic adult). If, however, they were included in (and did eat) Pesach Rishon, then they do not bring P2. • A non-Jew who converts between the Pesachs, would not have been part of the first Pesach. He must bring Pesach Sheni as a (new) Jew. This might be surprising, if one thinks of P2 as a make-up for P1. Rambam’s point is that P2 is its own set of mitzvot. • A woman is obligated on Korban Pesach (the first one, that is, on the 14th of Nissan), just as a man is obligated. Even though it is time- related, it is part of the package deal of Pesach mitzvot, which includes the prohibitions of Chametz, and we are dealing with THE set of mitzvot at the hub of Jewish life - "everything" is related to Y'tzi'at Mitzrayim - women are obligated. Pesach Sheni is different. It is more the "classic" time-related positive mitzva, and women are exempt. However, a woman who wants to bring P2 (if the conditions for P2 are present, meaning that she could not bring the first one), may do so. But not on Shabbat. That is, on her own or with a group of women only. But if she is part of a CHAVURA that includes a man, then she can participate in P2 on Shabbat (in which case it is eaten on Motza”Sh). This is so because an optional korban cannot push aside Shabbat; only a required one can (the man's P2 is a requirement; the women's is not).
R'vi'i - Fourth Aliya - 19 p'sukim - 9:15-10:10 SDT The pasuk (9:18) says: "AL PI HASHEM (by the word of G-d) the People of Israel shall travel, and by G-d's word they shall camp." The SHLA"H HAKADOSH writes that this is the source for the concept that a person should use the phrases Im Yirtzeh HaShem, Baruch HaShem, B'ezrat HaShem, and the like whenever he speaks of doing something. Our travels and every activity should also be AL PI HASHEM. [P> 10:1 (10)] G-d commanded Moshe to fashion two silver trumpets to be used to assemble the People (or their leaders) and to signal their movement. The T'KI'A sound on both trumpets was a call for everyone to gather to Moshe. The T'KI'A on one trumpet was a call to the leaders of the people. The T'RU'A sound indicated that traveling was to commence - one T'RU'A for each camp (of three tribes each). Kohanim are charged with the mitzva of sounding the trumpets when appropriate. The above-mentioned purposes of the trumpets applied to the generation of the wilderness only, but the mitzva for future generations concerning the trumpets is as follows: When the People enter the Land of Israel, the trumpets are to be used during times of troubles and on festive occasions during Temple service [384, A59 10:9,10]. MitzvaWatch When does the mitzva apply? The blowing of the CHATZOTZROT in the Beit HaMikdash, to accompany certain korbanot, obviously applies when the Beit HaMikdash is standing. What about the blowing during times of crises? Some authorities hold that the mitzva does not apply in our time - only at the time of the Mikdash. Some say that this aspect of the mitzva would apply in our time except that we do not know how to make the CHATZOTZROT, and therefore we can- not fulfill this mitzva on a "technicality". Others disagree and hold that the mitzva of blowing in times of trouble DOES apply and we use CHATZOTZROT made today to the best of our knowledge and ability. Rabbi J. David Bleich in his Contemporary Halachic Problems mentions a fascinating opinion on this topic. Rather than Eretz Yisrael per se or the Mikdash being a prerequisite for this mitzva (the blowing in times of national crisis aspect of the mitzva), it is Jewish sovereignty in Eretz Yisrael that activates the mitzva. Therefore, according to this opinion, we are dealing with a mitzva - maybe the only one - that reactivated for us in 1948.
Chamishi - Fifth Aliya - 24 p'sukim - 10:11-34 [S> 10:29 (6)] Moshe informs his father-in-law Yitro (here called CHOVAV) of Israel's traveling plans and asks him to come along. Yitro declines the invitation and returns to his home. The People travel from Sinai for 3 days, led by the Aron which was searching for a resting place, so-to-speak. G-d's Cloud accompanied and protected them. At this point in the Torah, we are 13 months out of Egypt and neither the people nor Moshe Rabeinu have done what later caused them to be barred from entry into Eretz Yisrael. After Moshe talks to Yitro, it was supposed to be a three-day trip (condensed into one day) to bring us WITH Moshe, into the Land of Israel. But then we started messing things up.
Shishi - Sixth Aliya - 31 p'sukim - 10:35-11:29 [P> 11:1 (15)] Next follows another "black period" in the early history of the Nation - the Complaints. The People complained and were punished by fire. Moshe pleaded for the people and G-d stopped the punishing fire. They complained about the Manna and demanded meat. With great chutzpa, they remembered the fish and other "fine foods" they ate in Egypt. And they disparaged the wonderful, miraculous sustenance from G-d. This angered (so to speak) G-d greatly. Even Moshe Rabeinu complained about G-d's anger with the People and expressed his difficulty in handling the People alone. Moshe also questioned where he would possibly be able to get enough meat to satisfy the People's demands. [P> 11:16 (7)] G-d told Moshe to gather 70 elders who would help ease the burden of leadership. G-d would instill in them the Divine Insight so that Moshe would not have to lead them alone. To the People, G-d promised meat (quail) which would descend in such great quantities for a sustained period of time (a month) until the People would become "sick of them". Moshe expressed doubt as to how so many people could be thus fed. [P> 11:23 (13)] G-d reproaches Moshe for the doubt. Moshe speaks to the People and gathers the Elders who were given the gift of prophecy by G-d. [The g'matriya of ELDAD U'MEIDAD is 103, same as N'VI'IM, prophets.] (Commentaries tell us that they prophesied Moshe's death and Yehoshua's accession to leadership.) Yehoshua, protective of his mentor Moshe, pleads with Moshe to punish them. Moshe assures Yehoshua that it is G-d's will that they should prophesy. About 18 times in the Tanach, it says "And G-d got angry with..." Yisrael / Bnei Yisrael / His people. When the People complained about the Manna, etc., the Torah says VAYICHAR AF HASHEM M'OD, G-d got VERY angry. Why? Kedushat Levi explains that usually when G-d got angry at the People, Moshe would rise to their defense and persuade G-d, so to speak, not to punish them. This time, the Torah says that "and in Moshe's eyes it was bad". Moshe Rabeinu was more upset with the people than usual. This "angered" G-d all the more, and Moshe did not defuse G-d’s anger as in the other instances.
Sh'vi'i - Seventh Aliya - 23 p'sukim - 11:30-12:16 [P> 12:1 (3)] Miriam speaks critically against Moshe to Aharon by belittling Moshe's unique stature among prophets and people. [S> 12:4 (10)] G-d rebukes them and clearly states how unique Moshe is among all prophets, past and future. Miriam is stricken with Tzora'at. Moshe offers a short but eloquent prayer on behalf of his sister. [P> 12:14 (3)] The People delay their travels for the week of Miriam's isolation. [81 years earlier, Miriam had stood by the Nile protectively watching over her baby brother Moshe in the basket. Her "reward-in-kind" is this 7-day delay. The Mishna points out that good deeds are thusly rewarded.] On the other hand, the Torah in D'varim 24:9 tells us to remember what G-d did to Miriam on our way from Egypt. This becomes a warning against speaking LASHON HARA. The People move to the Paran desert. These last 3 p’sukim are Maftir.
Haftara - 21 p'sukim - Zecharya 2:14-4:7 The haftara contains Zecharya's vision of the Golden Menora flanked by olive branches. This serves as an appropriate counterpoint to the description of the Menora in the Mishkan at the beginning of the sedra. The Haftara also tells about a Kohen Gadol (Yehoshua in the haftara; Aharon in the sedra). This vision of the Menora was borrowed by the State of Israel to be the national emblem (not exactly, but close). Wouldn't it be wonderful if our leaders would heed the words of Zecharia in explaining that vision: "Not by might nor by power, but by My spirit..." Only when we act properly, which also means differently from other nations, will we merit the Geula. [The Parshat B'ha'alot'cha Homepage]
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