B"H
Yom Yom
B"H Yom Yom from
Day by Day in Jewish History
by Rabbi Abraham P. Bloch z"l
[29 Nissan] 3 Jews killed and many wounded by Arabs in Petach Tikva, 1921.
Yahrzeit of Yitzchak Ben Avi, second president of Israel, 1963.
[May 4] Tel Aviv was sacked by Arabs, 1917. Djemal Pasha announced that it was the intention of the Turkish government to purge Eretz Yisrael of its Jewish population. Tel Aviv was sacked by the Arabs on the anniversary of the official adoption of the name "Tel Aviv".
[30 Nissan] Yahrzeit of Rabbi Hayyim Vital, famous kabbalist, 1620.
Eight Jews were martyred at Przemysl, Poland, 1659.
Yahrzeit of Rabbi Jacob Emden (Ya'vez), scholar and controversial figure, author of Bet Yaakov, a standard prayerbook, 1776. He was the son of Rabbi Zevi Ashkenazi. Their careers and personalities were strikingly similar. Both were renowned scholars. Both were short-tempered and controversial figures. Both waged relentless war against the Shaabbatean heresy. The yahrzeits of both father and son is Rosh Chodesh Iyar.
Jewish students were barred from German schools, 1933.
[May 5] Jewish residents of Speyer, Germany, were expelled, 1435.
The council of Hanover ordered the severance of all business connections between Jews and Christians, 1588.
Anti-Jewish riots broke out in Kiev, Russia, 1881. The Russian pogroms of 1881 led to the spread of Zionist ideas in Eastern Europe and the formation, in 1882, of Hovevei Zion, the first organized modern Zionist movement in the world.
Israeli postal service was established, 1948.
The Nuremberg anti-Jewish laws went into effect in Hungary, 1939.
Right of citizenship was denied to Jews of the canton of Aargau, Switzerland, 1809. Emancipation was delayed until 1879.
[1 Iyar] Egypt was afflicted by the first biblical plague.
An Israelite gathered wood on Shabbat in the Midbar. This marked the first public violation of Shabbat.
Moshe was ordered, in the second year of the exodus, to take a census of the Jewish people.
The foundation of the Second Temple was laid, 537 B.C.E.
[May 6] Rabbi Moshe Chaim Luzzato (RAMCHA"L), kabbalist, poet, author of Mesilat Yesharim, died, 1747.
[2 Iyar] Shlomo HaMelech began the construction of the Beit HaMikdash.
The Supreme Council of the Peace Conference recognized the Balfour Declaration and proclaimed Eretz Yisrael a mandated territory under British administration, 1920.
The British army liberated the Belsen camp and its 40,000 inmates, 1945.
[May 7] 1,200 Jews of Toledo, Spain were killed, 1355.
Jews of Corfu were granted the right to practice law, 1680.
Empress Catherine I of Russia expelled all Jews from the Ukraine, 1727.
A letter of Empress Catherine II of Russia opened the way for limited settlement of Jews in Riga, 1764.
The Judenordnung provided for the abolition of discriminatory laws enacted against the Jews of Galicia, Austria, 1789.
Construction began on the first 100 houses to be built in Ahuzat Bayit (to be known later as Tel Aviv), 1909.
Three Jews were killed and many wounded in Arab attacks on Petah Tikva, 1921.
The Jewish autonomous region in Birobidzhan was founded by Russia, 1934.
The Nazi, decreed the execution of all pregnant Jewish women in the ghetto of Kovno, 1942.
The Mauthausen concentration camp was liberated, 1945. The camp had housed 225,000 inmates in the course of its existence. Of this total, 200,000 were exterminated.
[3 Iyar] Portuguese Marranos who had reverted to Judaism were burned in Ancona, Italy by order of the Pope, 1556. The atrocity of Ancona led the famous Dona Gracia of the House of Nasi to spearhead a boycott against the port of Ancona as a countermeasure to the Pope's repressive policies. This marked the first Jewish effort, since the beginning of the Diaspora, at a far-reaching, concerted drive by the free Jewish communities of the world to hit back at their enemies.
The establishment of Jewish congregations in Lower Austria was prohibited, 1857.
Mordecai Anielewicz, commander-in-chief of the uprising in the ghetto of Warsaw, was killed in action, 1943.
Bet-She'an was captured by the Hagana, 1948.
[May 8] The first printed edition of Mishnayot with Maimonides' commentary was published in Naples, 1492.
Crusaders dragged Rabbenu Jacob b. Meir Tam from his home in Ramerupt, France, and left him critically wounded in a field, 1147.
[4 Iyar] Solomon ibn Gabirol was born in Malaga, Spain, 1021.
Rambam and his family left North Africa for Eretz Yisrael, 1165. He designated the anniversary of this departure a private day of fast and prayer.
Yahrzeit of Rabbi Joseph Baer Soloveichik, head of Yeshivah of Volozhin, author of responsa Bet ha-Levi, 1892.
[May 9] Anti-Jewish riots broke out in Shpola and Ananyev, Russia, 1881.
The Rothschild-Hadassah University Hospital and Medical Center was opened on Mt. Scopus, 1939.
[5 Iyar] A decree issued prohibiting the import by Russian Jews of books in any language, 1800.
Joseph Rivlin laid the cornerstone of the first private home to be erected outside the wall of Jerusalem marking the beginning of the modern Yishuv, 1869.
Israel was proclaimed an independent state, 1948. The first legislative act of the provisional government of the State of Israel provided for the repeal of the British White Paper of 1939, which had restricted Jewish immigration and the acquisition of land in Eretz Yisrael. The Haftara on the Sabbath following the promulgation of the law of unrestricted Jewish immigration into Israel was the ninth chapter of Amos. "And I will return the captivity of my people Israel. And they shall build the waste cities and inhabit them...and they shall no more be plucked up out of their land which I have given them, says G-d."
[May 10] German forces marched into Holland, 1940. The diary of Anne Frank, the young Dutch Jewish girl, attracted universal attention to the suffering of Jews in Nazi-occupied territories. Anne Frank died in the Belsen concentration camp. The British liberated Belsen on the fifth anniversary of the Nazi invasion of Holland.
Tzfat was taken by the Hagana, 1948.
Anti-Jewish riots broke out in Craiova, Rumania, 1883.
Napoleon retreated from Acco, giving up his dream of conquering the Near East, 1799.
Anti-Jewish riots broke out in Wasilkow and Konotop, Russia, 1881.
A Church synod, meeting in Vienna, ordered distinctive garb for Jews, 1267.
All Jews were ordered expelled from Berne, Switzerland, 1427. Expulsions of Jewish communities continued unabated throughout the 15th century: Treves, 1419; duchy of Austria, 1421; Cologne, 1424; Zurich, 1436; archbishopric of Hildesheim, 1457; Schaffhausen, 1472; Mayence, 1473; Warsaw, 1483; Geneva, 1490; Thurgau, 1491; Spain, Sicily, Sardinia, Lithuania, 1492; Mecklenburg and Arles, 1493; Portugal, 1497; Nuremberg 1499; Provence, 1500.
Jews of England were thrown into prison on charges of coining, 1278.
The Jewish agricultural settlement, Alliance, was founded in New Jersey, 1882.
Theresienstadt was liberated, 1945.
[6 Iyar] Many Jews of Cordova, Spain, were massacred by the soldiers of Suleiman ibn Al-Hakim, 1013.
Special privileges and immunities were granted to the jews of Burgos, Spain, 1295.
Yahrzeit of Rabbi Levi b. Gershom (Ralbag, a.k.a. Gersonides), philosopher and exegete, author of a popular commentary on the Pentateuch, 1344.
British mandate over Eretz Yisrael went into effect, 1920. This date became known as San Remo Day.
The British mandate over Eretz Yisrael came to an end, 1948, exactly 28 years after it began.
The armies of Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Iraq, and Lebanon invaded Israel, 1948
The Arab Legion captured Neveh Ya' akov, the last Jewish settlement north of Jerusalem, 1948.
[May 11] Tel Aviv became the first all-Jewish municipality, 1921.
Israel was admitted as the 59th member nation of the U.N., 1949.
Adolf Eichmann, charged with the implementation of the "final solution" of the Jewish problem, was captured in Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1960. Eichmann was in charge of all transportation required for the shipment of Jews to the extermination camps. The height of his career was reached in Hungary in 1944, when he managed to transport 400,000 Jews to the gas chambers in less than five weeks.
The Pope condemned the Talmud, 1415.
A great number of Jews of Styria, Austria, were burned and the balance were expelled from the country, 1421.
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