Av

[7] Nevuchadnetzar occupied the Beit HaMikdash. Jews of Valencia, Spain massacred 1391. Execution of Nicholas II, 1918. Keren HaYesod established 1920.

[8] Civil war in broke out in J'lem in 66 CE between activists and peace party. DO NOT LET HISTORY REPEAT ITSELF. Jews of Frankfort massacred in 1349. Jews of Vienna expelled, 1670. Jewish Agency for Palestine formed, 1929. Deportation of Jews from Warsaw ghetto began, 1942. Lasted until Erev Rosh HaShana; total of 300,000 taken to extermination camps. A plane bound for Israel was shot down by Bulgaria; 58 lives were lost.

[9] Return of the Spies; the panic; the decree against the Generation of the Wilderness (adult males). First and second Beit HaMikdash destroyed. Temple Mount plowed up. City of Beitar destroyed. King Edward I ordered the expulsion of all Jews, 1290. Expulsion from Spain began, 1492. 3000 Jews massacred in Konstantynow by Chmielnicki hordes. Yahrzeit of the Chozeh MiLublun. Jews of Hungary emancipated, 1849. World War One broke out, 1914.

[10] Yissachar born. Destruction of both Beit HaMikdash completed. Jews of France arrested and ordered to leave the country, 1309. (They were allowed back six years later. Hundreds of Jews of Catalonia murdered, 1358. Columbus set sail. Jews of Rome ghetto-ized 1555.

[11] Anti-Jewish riots in Arnstadt, Germany, 1264. Anti-Jewish riots in Breslau (now in Poland), many killed, the rest expelled. Arab forces blow up Latrun pumping station cutting off Jerualem's water supply.

[12] Disputation between Ramban and Pablo Christiani. 38 Jews burned at the stake in Berlin, 1510. Kovno, Lithuania liberated by Russians, '44.

[13] Jews of Wurzburg, Ger. massacred, 1298. Yahrzeit of Sir Moses Montifiore. New Zealand recognized Israel, 1950. [Editorial comment: Is that a happy or sad fact. One wonders why a country like New Zealand would wait more than two years]

[14] Arabs got control of most of Palestine from the Byzantines, 636. Pope decrees that Jews must attend conversionist sermons by Christian clergy, 1278. 10,000 Jews of Minsk murdered by the Nazis, 1942.